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考試日期2019.02.14
Reading Passage 1
TitleInsomnia-The Enemy of Sleep
Question typesMatching Information
Summary Completion
相關(guān)閱讀文章A
It is not unusual to have sleep troubles from time to time. But, if you feel you do not get enough sleep or satisfying sleep, you may have insomnia, a sleep disorder. People with insomnia have one or more of the following: difficulty falling asleep, waking up often during the night and having trouble going back to sleep, waking up too early in the morning and unrefreshing sleep. Insomnia is not defined by the number of hours you sleep every night. The amount of sleep a person needs varies. While most people need between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night, some people do well with less, and some need more.
B
Insomnia occurs most frequently in people over age 60, in people with a history of depression, and in women, especially after menopause. Severe emotional trauma can also cause insomnia with divorced, widowed and separated people being the most likely to suffer from this sleep disorder. Stress, anxiety, illness and other sleep disorders such as restless legs syndrome are the most common causes of insomnia. An irregular work schedule, jet lag or brain damage from a stroke or Alzeimer’s disease can also cause insomnia as well as excessive use of alcohol or illicit drugs. It can also accompany a variety of mental illnesses.
C
The mechanism that induces sleep is not known. When it becomes dark, the pineal gland in the brain secretes a hormone called melatonin, which is thought to induce sleep. Exactly why sleep is necessary for good health and efficient mental functioning is unknown. We do know that sleep consists of two very different states: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep. In REM sleep, dreams occur, the eyes move under the closed lids and there is an increase in oxygen consumption, blood flow and neural activity. REM sleep occurs four or five times during a night. Beginning periods last about ten to fifteen minutes but the periods get longer as the night goes on. The periods of REM sleep alternate with longer periods of non-REM sleep, when body functions slow. Non-REM sleep has four stages. During the deepest stages (3 and 4) it is hard to rouse a sleeper. As the night goes on, the periods of non-REM sleep become progressively lighter. Sleep in stages 1 and 2 are felt to be restorative as during this time the body repairs itself utilising a hormone called somatostatin. Lack of stage 4 sleep is believed to be important in chronically painful conditions such as fibromyalgia.
D
Healthcare providers diagnose insomnia in several ways. One way is to categorize insomnia by how often it occurs. Another way is to identify the insomnia by what is causing the sleep deprivation. The two main types of insomnia have been described as Primary Insomnia and Secondary Insomnia. Primary Insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. The most common form of primary insomnia is psychophysiological insomnia. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.
E
Improving one’s sleep hygiene helps improve insomnia in all patients. Relaxing during the hour before you go to sleep and creating a comfortable environment suited for sleep can be helpful. Older people who wake up earlier than normal or have trouble falling asleep may need less sleep than they used to. Changing one’s sleep pattern, either by going to bed later or waking up earlier, can be effective in dealing with insomnia in older people. Therapy also depends on the cause and severity of the insomnia. Transient and intermittent insomnia may not require any direct action since these conditions last only a few days at a time. However, if insomnia interferes with a person’s daily activities, something should be done. Usually the best method of dealing with insomnia is by attacking the underlying cause. For example, people who are depressed often have insomnia and looking at this problem may eliminate it.
F
Not getting enough sleep can make you less productive, irritable and unable to concentrate. Lack of sleep can make it seem as if you “got up out of the wrong side of the bed.” Early morning headaches and waking up feeling as if you never went to sleep can result in frustration. Stress can cause insomnia but insomnia also increases stress. Insomnia can make driving unsafe as well. Insomnia can result in missed work, which can cause you to become less productive and miss promotions. It can leave you feeling as if you just can’t get enough done. Insomnia can also mask serious mental disorders. People with insomnia may think that not getting enough sleep is their only problem, but the insomnia may actually be one symptom of a larger disorder, such as depression. Studies show that people with insomnia are four times more likely to be depressed than people with a healthy sleeping pattern. In addition, lack of sleep can tax the heart and lead to serious conditions like heart disease. All of these are important problems that can affect every part of your life.
G
Establishing certain set routines can help insomniacs get better sleep. Examples of these routines include: going to bed and getting up at the same time every day, avoiding napping, avoiding caffeine, nicotine, alcohol and eating heavily late in the day, exercising regularly and making your bedroom comfortable in terms of the bed, noise and temperature. Insomniacs should also only use their bedroom for sleep so that their bodies associate the room with sleep. Finally, if you can’t get to sleep, don’t toss and turn all night. Get up and read or do something that is not overly stimulating until you feel really sleepy again.
題型難度分析本篇文章屬于醫(yī)學(xué)話題的一篇介紹類說明文，“失眠”這一話題在以往的考試有過涉及，所以考生應(yīng)該不陌生。題型設(shè)置也很常規(guī)，難度總體不大。
Reading Passage 2
Title飾品問題
Question typesMatching Information
Summary Completion
Multiple Choice
題型難度分析關(guān)于本篇文章的回憶內(nèi)容有限，但根據(jù)回憶的題型可以看出，考到了難度比較大的段落信息匹配題，可能在做題的時(shí)間上會(huì)增加一定的難度。
Reading Passage 3
Title不同歷史時(shí)期的編織物
題型難度分析本篇文章回憶有限，就題型而言難度不大。
考試趨勢(shì)分析和備考指導(dǎo)：
本場(chǎng)閱讀考試的篇章回憶有限，從現(xiàn)有的題型和話題來看總體來說難度中等。雖然沒有具體的文章內(nèi)容或題目，但三篇文章涉及的領(lǐng)域和話題在劍橋真題和以往的機(jī)經(jīng)中都出現(xiàn)過，所以對(duì)考生而言不會(huì)感到很陌生。就題型分布和設(shè)置來說，填空題仍然是本次考試的重點(diǎn)。匹配題相對(duì)而言定位簡(jiǎn)單，而較花費(fèi)時(shí)間的選擇出現(xiàn)數(shù)量較少;本場(chǎng)閱讀考試在第二篇出現(xiàn)了段落信息匹配題，沒有考到Matching Headings，可能對(duì)于大部分的考生來說降低了難度。建議考生在考前多熟悉劍橋真題和以往考試當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)過的各類話題，考前補(bǔ)充相關(guān)詞匯和背景常識(shí)。
